Apiospora hysterina
Stroma 0.5-2.5 x 0.2-0.5 µm, oblong to fusiform in lateral section, at first immersed beneath the epidermis but becoming widely erumpent through irregular and often branched splits in the substratum, often aggregated and sometimes coalescing, matt black, 1- to 3-loculate, the ostioles inconspicuous, the outer part composed of several layers of dark brown thick-walled textura angularis with cells 4-7 µm diam, the inner part of cells varying from textura angularis to porrecta, vertically elongated and hyaline to pale brown, ranging from 6-10 x 2-3 µm in size.
Ascomata 180-350 µm diam, globose to shortly pyriform, often slightly flattened at the base, thin-walled, the ostiole periphysate. Peridium 15-25 µm wide, composed of compressed and sometimes vertically elongated textura angularis. Interascal tissue composed of thin-walled filamentous paraphyses to 4 µm diam. Asci 95-125 x 20-27 µm, cylindric-clavate to cylindric-saccate, short-stalked, the walls thin at all stages of development, the apex rounded without clear apical structures, 8-spored. Ascospores arranged biseriately, 30-34x 10-13 µm, clavate-ellipsoidal, often slightly curved near the base, hyaline, smooth- and thick-walled, with a single septum near the base of the spore, lacking gelatinous appendages or sheath.
Anamorph. Conidiomata absent. Conidiophores 10-25 x ca 4 µm, straight or flexuous, unbranched, ± hyaline to pale brown, smooth, remotely septate, the septa not markedly thickened, formed from cylindrical to cupulate pale brown faintly granular mother cells 5-7 x 3-5 µm in size. Conidia formed terminally or from short side branches of the conidiophores which do not proliferate, the oldest at the apex, 15-17 µm diam, bell-shaped in face view, brown, bilaterally flattened with a hyaline band at the junction of the two sides.
Distinguishable from A. arundinis by ascus and ascospore dimensions as well as the conidia, which are very distinctively shaped.
Samuels et al. (1981) suggested that the Scyphospora anamorph [the name under the dual nomenclatural system] should be considered as an Arthrinium due to its very unusual mode of conidial production, but the appropriate combination was not made due to the existence of an acceptable teleomorph name. Following work by Sivanesan (1983) the appropriate new combination for the anamorph (and now the holomorph) was made by Kirk (1986).
Known from dead stems of Arundinaria and unidentified bamboos.
GBI: England: Cornwall, Gloucestershire. Scotland: Wester Ross. Channel Islands: Guernsey. Also known from known from southern Europe, Russia and New Zealand on stems of various bamboos.