@article {4186, title = {The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2007}, pages = {257-267}, abstract = {

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, Fungal Proteins, Genes, Fungal, Phylogeny, Species Specificity}, issn = {0953-7562}, doi = {10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.006}, author = {Lumbsch, H.T. and Schmitt, I. and L{\"u}cking, R. and Wiklund, E. and Wedin, M.} } @article {4125, title = {Slippery when wet: phylogeny and character evolution in the gelatinous cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes).}, journal = {Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution}, volume = {53}, year = {2009}, pages = {862-871}, abstract = {

Many lichen fungi form symbioses with filamentous Nostoc cyanobacteria, which cause the lichen to swell and become extremely gelatinous when moist. Within the Lecanoromycetes, such gelatinous lichens are today mainly classified in the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Ascomycota). We performed Bayesian MCMC, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of three independent markers (mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and RPB1), to improve our understanding of the phylogeny and classification in the Peltigerales, as well as the evolution of morphological characters that have been used for classification purposes in this group. The Collemataceae and the non-gelatinous Pannariaceae are paraphyletic but can be re-circumscribed as monophyletic if Leciophysma, Physma, Ramalodium and Staurolemma are transferred to the Pannariaceae. The gelatinous taxa transferred to the Pannariaceae deviate from other Collemataceae in having simple ascospores, and several also have a ring-shaped exciple as in other Pannariaceae, rather than the disc-shaped exciple found in the typical Collemataceae. Both Collema and Leptogium are non-monophyletic. The re-circumscribed Collemataceae shares a distinct ascus type with the sister group Placynthiaceae and the Coccocarpiaceae, whereas Pannariaceae includes a variety of structures. All Pannariaceae have one-celled ascospores, whereas all Collemataceae have two- or multi-celled spores. Reconstructions of the number of character state transformations in exciple structure, thallus gelatinosity, and ascus apex structure indicate that the number of transformations is distinctly higher than the minimum possible. Most state transformations in the exciple took place from a ring-shaped to a disc-shaped exciple. Depending on the reconstruction method, most or all transformations in thallus structure took place from a non-gelatinous to a gelatinous thallus. Gains and losses of internal structures in the ascus apex account for all or a vast majority of the number of transformations in the ascus, whereas direct transformations between asci with internal structures appear to have been rare.

}, issn = {1095-9513}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.013}, author = {Wedin, M. and Wiklund, E. and J{\o}rgensen, P.M. and Ekman, S.} } @article {3384, title = {Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene}, journal = {Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution}, volume = {44}, year = {2007}, pages = {812-824}, abstract = {

Parmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with more than 2000 species and includes taxa with different growth forms. Morphology was widely employed to distinguish groups within this large, cosmopolitan family. In this study we test these morphology-based groupings using DNA sequence data from three nuclear and one mitochondrial marker from 120 taxa that include 59 genera and represent the morphological and chemical diversity in this lineage. Parmeliaceae is strongly supported as monophyletic and six well-supported main clades can be distinguished within the family. The relationships among them remain unresolved. The clades largely agree with the morphology-based groupings and only the placement of four of the genera studied is rejected by molecular data, while four other genera belong to clades previously unrecognised. The classification of these previously misplaced genera, however, has already been questioned by some authors based on morphological evidence. These results support morphological characters as important for the identification of monophyletic clades within Parmeliaceae.

}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029}, author = {Crespo, A. and Lumbsch, H.T. and Mattsson, J.-E. and Blanco, O. and Divakar, P.K. and Articus, K. and Wiklund, E. and Bawingan, P.A. and Wedin, M.} } @article {2689, title = {Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {44}, year = {2007}, pages = {812-824}, issn = {10557903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790306004854}, author = {Crespo, A. and Lumbsch, H.T. and Mattsson, J.-E. and Blanco, O. and Divakar, P.K. and Articus, K. and Wiklund, E. and Bawingan, P.A. and Wedin, M.} }