TY - JOUR T1 - The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries Y1 - 2014 A1 - Jargeat, Patricia A1 - Chaumeton, Jean-Paul A1 - Navaud, Olivier A1 - Vizzini, Alfredo A1 - Gryta, Hervé SP - 12 EP - 31 KW - Barcoding KW - Ecological traits KW - Ectomycorrhizal fungi KW - Morphometry KW - Taxonomy AB -

AbstractPaxillus involutus is a model species for ecological or physiological studies of ectomycorrhizal agaricomycetes. Three to six groups or species linked to it have been ecologically and morphologically distinguished. Phylogenetic studies have revealed the existence of four species in Europe: Paxillus ammoniavirescens, Paxillus obscurisporus, P. involutus, and a fourth as yet not described species. We studied 47 collections from 24 French and Italian locations, supplemented with GenBank data, in order to genetically and taxonomically delineate these species. Phylogenetic analyses of three nuclear DNA regions (rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), tef1-α, and gpd) confirmed the four European species. Morphology, culture, and ecology features allowed us to delineate species boundaries and to describe the fourth species we named Paxillus cuprinus since it turns coppery with age. As there is no existing original herbarium specimen for P. involutus, one of our collections was chosen as the epitype. The low genetic diversity found in P. cuprinus correlates with stable morphological traits (basidiome colour, ovoid–amygdaliform spores with an apical constriction) and with ecological preferences (association with Betulaceae in open and temperate areas). In contrast, P. ammoniavirescens is characterized by a high genetic diversity and a high variation of its morphological and ecological features.

VL - 118 SN - 1878-6146 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614613001505 IS - 1 JO - Fungal Biology ER -