02004nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146300001200215490000800227520123900235653001501474653002001489653001801509653001401527653002401541100001701565700001601582700001601598700001601614700001301630856011901643 2007 eng d a0953-756200aThe phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited0 aphylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes Asco a257-2670 v1113 a

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.

10aAscomycota10aFungal Proteins10aGenes, Fungal10aPhylogeny10aSpecies Specificity1 aLumbsch, H T1 aSchmitt, I.1 aLücking, R1 aWiklund, E.1 aWedin, M uhttps://fungi.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetic-placement-ostropales-within-lecanoromycetes-ascomycota-revisited02766nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182300001200251490000700263520213600270100001302406700001602419700002102435700001302456856012702469 2009 eng d a1095-951300aSlippery when wet: phylogeny and character evolution in the gelatinous cyanobacterial lichens (Peltigerales, Ascomycetes).0 aSlippery when wet phylogeny and character evolution in the gelat a862-8710 v533 a

Many lichen fungi form symbioses with filamentous Nostoc cyanobacteria, which cause the lichen to swell and become extremely gelatinous when moist. Within the Lecanoromycetes, such gelatinous lichens are today mainly classified in the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, Ascomycota). We performed Bayesian MCMC, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses of three independent markers (mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and RPB1), to improve our understanding of the phylogeny and classification in the Peltigerales, as well as the evolution of morphological characters that have been used for classification purposes in this group. The Collemataceae and the non-gelatinous Pannariaceae are paraphyletic but can be re-circumscribed as monophyletic if Leciophysma, Physma, Ramalodium and Staurolemma are transferred to the Pannariaceae. The gelatinous taxa transferred to the Pannariaceae deviate from other Collemataceae in having simple ascospores, and several also have a ring-shaped exciple as in other Pannariaceae, rather than the disc-shaped exciple found in the typical Collemataceae. Both Collema and Leptogium are non-monophyletic. The re-circumscribed Collemataceae shares a distinct ascus type with the sister group Placynthiaceae and the Coccocarpiaceae, whereas Pannariaceae includes a variety of structures. All Pannariaceae have one-celled ascospores, whereas all Collemataceae have two- or multi-celled spores. Reconstructions of the number of character state transformations in exciple structure, thallus gelatinosity, and ascus apex structure indicate that the number of transformations is distinctly higher than the minimum possible. Most state transformations in the exciple took place from a ring-shaped to a disc-shaped exciple. Depending on the reconstruction method, most or all transformations in thallus structure took place from a non-gelatinous to a gelatinous thallus. Gains and losses of internal structures in the ascus apex account for all or a vast majority of the number of transformations in the ascus, whereas direct transformations between asci with internal structures appear to have been rare.

1 aWedin, M1 aWiklund, E.1 aJørgensen, P.M.1 aEkman, S uhttps://fungi.myspecies.info/content/slippery-when-wet-phylogeny-and-character-evolution-gelatinous-cyanobacterial-lichens01942nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210300001200279490000700291520113100298100001501429700001701444700002001461700001501481700001801496700001601514700001601530700001901546700001301565856013401578 2007 eng d a1055-790300aTesting morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene0 aTesting morphologybased hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships a812-8240 v443 a

Parmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with more than 2000 species and includes taxa with different growth forms. Morphology was widely employed to distinguish groups within this large, cosmopolitan family. In this study we test these morphology-based groupings using DNA sequence data from three nuclear and one mitochondrial marker from 120 taxa that include 59 genera and represent the morphological and chemical diversity in this lineage. Parmeliaceae is strongly supported as monophyletic and six well-supported main clades can be distinguished within the family. The relationships among them remain unresolved. The clades largely agree with the morphology-based groupings and only the placement of four of the genera studied is rejected by molecular data, while four other genera belong to clades previously unrecognised. The classification of these previously misplaced genera, however, has already been questioned by some authors based on morphological evidence. These results support morphological characters as important for the identification of monophyletic clades within Parmeliaceae.

1 aCrespo, A.1 aLumbsch, H T1 aMattsson, J.-E.1 aBlanco, O.1 aDivakar, P.K.1 aArticus, K.1 aWiklund, E.1 aBawingan, P.A.1 aWedin, M uhttps://fungi.myspecies.info/content/testing-morphology-based-hypotheses-phylogenetic-relationships-parmeliaceae-ascomycota-usi-000730nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245015500054210006900209300001200278490000700290100001500297700001700312700002000329700001500349700001800364700001600382700001600398700001900414700001300433856006600446 2007 eng d a1055790300aTesting morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene0 aTesting morphologybased hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships a812-8240 v441 aCrespo, A.1 aLumbsch, H T1 aMattsson, J.-E.1 aBlanco, O.1 aDivakar, P.K.1 aArticus, K.1 aWiklund, E.1 aBawingan, P.A.1 aWedin, M uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790306004854