@article {4255, title = {Molecular evidence supports the distinction between Xanthoria parietina and X. aureola (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota).}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {109}, year = {2005}, pages = {187-199}, abstract = {

This study aims to clarify taxonomic relationships within the current concept of Xanthoria parietina in northern Europe. For comparison, X. calcicola was also included in the study. Morphological as well as molecular data were utilized. Morphology indicated the presence of three species, Xanthoria parietina, X. calcicola, and X. aureola, the latter of which is resurrected here from synonymy. The most important separating characters involve colour and thickness of the thallus, lobe width, morphology of laminar structures, and the texture of the upper surface. X. aureola, as recognized here, mostly occurs on seashore rocks. Part of the IGS region as well as the complete ITS were sequenced in 70 individual thalli representing ten geographical regions in Europe. In total, 19 different IGS haplotypes and 20 different ITS haplotypes were present in the data set. Owing to indications of possible recombination between the IGS and the ITS, the two data sets were analyzed separately. Haplotype networks were estimated, both of which indicate that X. parietina is distinct from X. aureola and X. calcicola. In our sample, the two latter do not share haplotypes, but are only separated by a few mutational steps.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, Base Sequence, DNA, Fungal, DNA, Ribosomal, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Haplotypes, Lichens, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycological Typing Techniques, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spores, Fungal}, issn = {0953-7562}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204001790}, author = {Lindblom, L. and Ekman, S.} } @article {4204, title = {Disintegration of the Micareaceae (lichenized Ascomycota): a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial rDNA sequences.}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {109}, year = {2005}, pages = {21-30}, abstract = {

The phylogeny of the family Micareaceae and the genus Micarea was studied using mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian MCMC tree sampling and a maximum likelihood approach. The Micareaceae in its current sense is highly heterogeneous, and Helocarpon, Psilolechia, and Scutula, all thought to be close relatives of Micarea, are shown to be only distantly related. The genus Micarea is paraphyletic unless the entire Pilocarpaceae and Ectolechiaceae are included, as also indicated by an expected likelihood weights test. It is suggested that the Micareaceae is reduced to synonymy with the Pilocarpaceae, which also includes the Ectolechiaceae, and that Micarea may have to be divided into a series of smaller genera in the future. Micarea species with a \&$\#$39;non-micareoid\&$\#$39; photobiont group with Psora and the Ramalinaceae, whereas Micarea intrusa appears to belong in Scoliciosporum. Three species fall inside the paraphyletic Micarea: Szczawinskia tsugae, Catillaria contristans, and Fellhaneropsis vezdae. Tropical foliicolous taxa are nested within groups of mainly temperate and arctic-alpine distribution. A \&$\#$39;micareoid\&$\#$39; photobiont appears to be plesiomorphic in the Pilocarpaceae but has been lost a few times.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, DNA, Fungal, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Ribosomal, Evolution, Molecular, Lichens, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA}, issn = {0953-7562}, url = {http://www.reelab.net/phylografter/study/download/study_file.file.aff47904dbea7823.3737355f7064662e706466.pdf}, author = {Andersen, H.L. and Ekman, S.} } @article {4188, title = {A phylogenetic overview of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales)}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2007}, pages = {549-571}, abstract = {

Partial sequences of nuLSU rDNA were obtained to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Pyronemataceae, the largest and least studied family of Pezizales. The dataset includes sequences for 162 species from 51 genera of Pyronemataceae, and 39 species from an additional 13 families of Pezizales. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses suggest that Pyronemataceae is not monophyletic as it is currently circumscribed. Ascodesmidaceae is nested within Pyronemataceae, and several pyronemataceous taxa are resolved outside the family. Glaziellaceae forms the sister group to Pyronemataceae in ML analyses, but this relationship, as well as those of Pyronemataceae to the other members of the lineage, are not resolved with support. Fourteen clades of pyronemataceous taxa are well supported and/or present in all recovered trees. Several pyronemataceous genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic, including Anthracobia, Cheilymenia, Geopyxis, Humaria, Lasiobolidium, Neottiella, Octospora, Pulvinula, Stephensia, Tricharina, and Trichophaea. Cleistothecial and truffle or truffle-like ascomata forms appear to have evolved independently multiple times within Pyronemataceae. Results of these analyses do not support previous classifications of Pyronemataceae, and suggest that morphological characters traditionally used to segregate the family into subfamilial groups are not phylogenetically informative above the genus level.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, DNA, Fungal, DNA, Ribosomal, Evolution, Molecular, Genes, Fungal, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Sequence Alignment}, issn = {0953-7562}, doi = {10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.014}, author = {Perry, B.A. and Hansen, K. and Pfister, D.H.} } @article {2970, title = {Phylogenetic relationships and convergence of helicosporous fungi inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences.}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {39}, year = {2006}, pages = {587-597}, abstract = {

Helicosporous fungi form elegant, coiled, and multicellular mitotic spores (conidia). In this paper, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among helicosporous fungi in the asexual genera Helicoma, Helicomyces, Helicosporium, Helicodendron, Helicoon, and in the sexual genus Tubeufia (Tubeufiaceae, Dothideomycetes, and Ascomycota). We generated ribosomal small subunit and partial large subunit sequences from 39 fungal cultures. These and related sequences from GenBank were analyzed using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analysis. Results showed that helicosporous species arose convergently from six lineages of fungi in the Ascomycota. The Tubeufiaceae s. str. formed a strongly supported monophyletic lineage comprising most species from Helicoma, Helicomyces, and Helicosporium. However, within the Tubeufiaceae, none of the asexual genera were monophyletic. Traditional generic characters, such as whether conidiophores were conspicuous or reduced, the thickness of the conidial filament, and whether or not conidia were hygroscopic, were more useful for species delimitation than for predicting higher level relationships. In spite of their distinctive, barrel-shaped spores, Helicoon species were polyphyletic and had evolved in different ascomycete orders. Helicodendron appeared to be polyphyletic although most representatives occurred within Leotiomycetes. We speculate that some of the convergent spore forms may represent adaptation to dispersal in aquatic environments.

}, keywords = {DNA, Ribosomal, Fungi, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.025}, author = {Tsui, C.K.M. and Berbee, M.L.} }