@article {5638,
	title = {Biodiversity assessment of ascomycetes inhabiting Lobariella lichens in Andean cloud forests led to one new family, three new genera and 13 new species of lichenicolous fungi},
	journal = {Plant and Fungal Systematics},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {283-344},
	abstract = {<p><jats title="">Abstract</jats><jats p="">Neotropical mountain forests are characterized by having hyperdiverse and unusual fungi inhabiting lichens. The great majority of these lichenicolous fungi (i.e., detectable by light microscopy) remain undescribed and their phylogenetic relationships are mostly unknown. This study focuses on lichenicolous fungi inhabiting the genus <jats italic="">Lobariella</jats> (<jats italic="">Peltigerales</jats>), one of the most important lichen hosts in the Andean cloud forests. Based on molecular and morphological data, three new genera are introduced: <jats italic="">Lawreyella</jats> gen. nov. (<jats italic="">Cordieritidaceae</jats>, for <jats italic="">Unguiculariopsis lobariella</jats>), <jats italic="">Neobaryopsis</jats> gen. nov. (<jats italic="">Cordycipitaceae</jats>), and <jats italic="">Pseudodidymocyrtis</jats> gen. nov. (<jats italic="">Didymosphaeriaceae</jats>). Nine additional new species are described (<jats italic="">Abrothallus subhalei</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Atronectria lobariellae</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Corticifraga microspora</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Epithamnolia rugosopycnidiata</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Lichenotubeufia cryptica</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Neobaryopsis andensis</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">Rhagadostomella hypolobariella</jats> sp. nov., and <jats italic="">Xylaria lichenicola</jats> sp. nov.). Phylogenetic placements of 13 lichenicolous species are reported here for <jats italic="">Abrothallus</jats>, <jats italic="">Arthonia</jats>, <jats italic="">Globonectria</jats>, <jats italic="">Lawreyella</jats>, <jats italic="">Monodictys</jats>, <jats italic="">Neobaryopsis</jats>, <jats italic="">Pseudodidymocyrtis</jats>, <jats italic="">Sclerococcum</jats>, <jats italic="">Trichonectria</jats> and <jats italic="">Xylaria</jats>. The name <jats italic="">Sclerococcum ricasoliae</jats> comb. nov. is reestablished for the neotropical populations formerly named <jats italic="">S. lobariellum</jats> (<jats italic="">Sclerococcales</jats>). A key to sexual and asexual states of 40 species of lobariellicolous ascomycetous fungi is provided. Teleomorph-anamorph connections were established for several species using molecular methods and/or visual observations in nature. Additionally, we found that the anamorphic species <jats italic="">Cornutispora ophiurospora</jats> inhabiting <jats italic="">Lobariella</jats> was often accompanied by ascomata of <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats>. Results of phylogenetic analyses, including newly generated sequences of several <jats italic="">Cornutispora</jats> and <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats> species inhabiting various host lichens, support the conclusion that <jats italic="">Cornutispora</jats> is a synonym of <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats>. Our Maximum Likelihood inference based on multiple loci show that all studied <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats> (including <jats italic="">Cornutispora</jats>) belong to a new lineage within <jats italic="">Ostropales</jats>. Based on these highly supported phylogenetic placements and the distinct character states of their conidiomata, in comparison with other <jats italic="">Lecanoromycetes</jats>, a new family is proposed \&ndash; <jats italic="">Spirographaceae</jats> fam. nov. This new lineage includes broadly distributed mycoparasites, inhabiting various lichen and fungal hosts, and representing an early diversification event preceding the lichen-forming clade of <jats italic="">Fissurinaceae</jats>, <jats italic="">Gomphillaceae</jats> and <jats italic="">Graphidaceae</jats>. Two lichenicolous species, <jats italic="">Asteroglobulus giselae</jats> and <jats italic="">Pleoscutula arsenii</jats>, were found to be nested within the <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats> clade, and their teleomorph-anamorph connections were confirmed based on genotypic and phenotypic data. This phylogenetic result is corroborated by their highly similar ascomata anatomy. Together these results strongly indicate that both species are congeneric with <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats>. As a result, four new species (<jats italic="">S. aggregata</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">S. galligena</jats> sp. nov., <jats italic="">S. maroneae</jats> sp. nov., and <jats italic="">S. parmotrematis</jats> sp. nov.) and 15 new combinations are proposed (<jats italic="">Spirographa ascaridiella</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. arsenii</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. ciliata</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. giselae</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. herteliana</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. hypotrachynae</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. intermedia</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. lichenicola</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. limaciformis</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. ophiurospora</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. pittii</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. pyramidalis</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. triangularis</jats> comb. nov., <jats italic="">S. tricupulata</jats> comb. nov., and <jats italic="">S. vermiformis</jats> comb. nov.). Species of the genus <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats>, as outlined here, are strongly host-specific, mainly at the generic level of their host. Some host genera can harbour more than one <jats italic="">Spirographa</jats> species.</jats></p>
},
	issn = {2657-5000},
	doi = {10.2478/pfs-2019-0022},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pfs-2019-0022},
	author = {Flakus, A. and Etayo, J. and Miadlikowska, J. and Lutzoni, F. and Kukwa, M. and Matura, N. and Rodriguez-Flakus, P.}
}
@article {4495,
	title = {Circumscription of the genus Lepra, a recently resurrected genus to accommodate the {\textquotedblleft}Variolaria{\textquotedblright}-group of Pertusaria sensu lato (Pertusariales, Ascomycota)},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {e0180284},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.018028410},
	url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180284},
	author = {Wei, X.-l. and Schmitt, I. and Hodkinson, B. and Flakus, A. and Kukwa, M. and Divakar, P.K. and Kirika, P.M. and Otte, J. and Meiser, A. and Lumbsch, H.T.},
	editor = {Baruffini, E.}
}
@article {3177,
	title = {New lichen-associated bulbil-forming species of Cantharellales (Basidiomycetes)},
	journal = {Lichenologist},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {333-347},
	issn = {0024-2829},
	doi = {10.1017/S0024282913000583},
	url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0024282913000583},
	author = {Diederich, P. and Lawrey, J.D. and Capdet, M. and Pereira, S. and Romero, A.I. and Etayo, J. and Flakus, A. and Sikaroodi, M. and Ertz, D.}
}
